Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House - 1067 Words

In this play A Doll House, Norwegian dramatist Henrik Ibsen exposes the social structure and the gender role of late nineteenth century. In this literary work, Ibsen attempts to inspire women to bring individualism and freedom to their lives from suppression. The play focuses on Nora Helmer, who struggles to live an independent life as a woman in a male dominant society. Nora sacrifices for her husband Torvald by secretly borrowing money to save his life. However, for Torvald, Nora was merely a â€Å"doll† which must follow his orders and fulfil his desires. This oppression on woman appears to end when Nora left Torvald on realizing deprivation of her identity. Thus, Ibsen in A Doll House portrayed the realism of gender roles and boldly reflected the message of women empowerment and resistance of gender inequality by contradicting the moral values. Ibsen reveals the social beliefs of that era by representing a masculine superiority in Helmer’s house. During the nineteenth century, after a marriage woman’s rights, her property, and even her identity almost ceased to exist (â€Å"Historical†). This foundation can be observed in A Doll House. The plays opens with Nora lending the money to the delivery boy and secretly eating macaroons like a child. She approaches Torvald study room and hears him, saying, â€Å"Is that my little lark twittering out there?† (Ibsen 787). Nora in response tolerates Torvalds stereotype behavior and says yes. Throughout the play, by calling her with different petShow MoreRelatedHenrik Ibsen s A Doll House1563 Words   |  7 Pages In the play, A Doll House by Henrik Ibsen, the title itself symbolizes the dependent and degraded role of the wife within traditional marriages. Ibsen portrayed the generous nature root into women by society, as well as the significant action of this nature, and lastly the need for them to find their own voice in a world ruled by men. Ibsen wrote this play in 1879, this is the era where women were obedient to men, tend the children until their husband came home, and stood by the Cult of DomesticityRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1717 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"A Doll, a Partner, and a Change† Social movement of women liberation toward equal rights and independence has been a big subject in human history. It happens not only in Europe but also all over the world. Though making progress, this movement has been advancing slowly and encountered backslashes from time to time. Maybe there is something deeply hidden which the society has not figured out yet, even women themselves. What do women want, freedom or good life? Most of the time, they are notRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1291 Words   |  6 Pages A Doll s House by Henrik Ibsen, is a play that has been written to withstand all time. In this play Ibsen highlights the importance of women’s rights. During the time period of the play these rights were neglected. Ibsen depicts the role of the woman was to stay at home, raise the children and attend to her husband during the 19th century. Nora is the woman in A Doll House who plays is portrayed as a victim. Michael Meyers said of Henrik Ibsen s plays: The common denominator in many of IbsenRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1288 Words   |  6 Pages Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House is based in the Victorian society of the 19th century. It assesses the many struggles and hardships that women faced because of marriage â€Å"laws† that were crucial during that time period. The society was male- dominated with no equality. Nora is the protagonist in A Doll’s House and the wife of a man named Torvald. This play is about Nora’s voyage to recognizing her self- determination and independence. She transforms from a traditional, reserved woman to a new, independentRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1298 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"There is beauty in truth, even if it s painful. Those who lie, twist life so that it looks tasty to the lazy, brilliant to the ignorant, and powerful to the weak. But lies only strengthen our defects. They don t teach anything, help anything, fix anything or cure anything. Nor do they develop one s character, one s mind, one s heart or one s soul.† (Josà © N. Harris). Nora Helmer’s choice to lie and deceive is inappropriate and wrong for women to do to her husband during this time period; itRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1037 Words   |  5 PagesHenrik Ibsen s A Doll s House is a work of literature genius. This three-act play involves many literary technics that are undermined by the average reader such as the fact that the plot shows the main characters Torvald and his wife Nora live the perfect life. An ironic paradox based around the fact that Nora and Torvald’s relationship is the complete opposite of perfect. Also, bringing upon a conflict as well, appearance versus reality. These little hidden meanings within stories are what areRead MoreHenrik Ibsen s A Doll House Essay1501 Words   |  7 PagesHenrik Ibsen’s play â€Å"A Doll House† was set in the Victorian era, a time where women were highly respected. Women in this time period did not work, they had nannies to take care of their children and maids to take care of their homes. Many women had no real responsibilities, they spent their time having tea parties and socializing with their friends. Henrik Ibsen dared to show the realism of the Victorian era while everyone else would only focus on the romantic aspect. In the play, â€Å"A Doll House†Read MoreA Doll s House : Henrik Ibsen962 Words   |  4 PagesDrama Analysis A Doll’s House (Henrik Ibsen) And Trifles (Susan Glaspell) In comparing both dramas, the overwhelming aspect of convergence between both is the open discussion of gender identity. Both dramas make similar points about what it means to be a woman. Modern society in both dramas is constructed with men holding power over women. This is seen in Trifles in how men like George Henderson and Mr. Hale are myopic. The premise of the drama is how women worry over trifles, and the dismissiveRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1421 Words   |  6 PagesIn A Doll’s House, Henrik Ibsen examines conventional roles of men and women in the nineteenth century. In the play, Nora exemplifies the conventional feminine standard during that period. She seems to be powerless and confines herself through high standard expectations, demonstrating what the role of a women would be as a wife and mother. The protagonist of A Doll’s House is a woman named Nora Helmer. Ibsen shows how Nora’s design of perfect life gradually transforms when her sec ret unravels. InRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen876 Words   |  4 PagesA Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen A Doll’s House takes place in the home of Torvald and Nora Helmer. Through conversation with Nora’s good friend Kristine Linde it is revealed that Mr. Helmer was ill around the same time Nora’s father died. Luckily Nora’s father left her enough money that Torvald and Nora could go on a life saving trip to Italy. But the truth comes out when we find out Nora’s father did not leave her a penny. We find out that Nora got a hold of the money through a loan but she signed

Review Of Dracula By Bram Stoker - 1188 Words

In the diverse categories of monsters, there are specific types of monsters which are â€Å"cursed by a bite†Ã¢â‚¬â€Vampires, Zombies and Werewolves (Kaplan 2012: 136). Perhaps vampires are the most interesting of all. Vampires don`t morph into a howling hairy creature at the sight of full-moon and they are not controlled together by a sorcerer; rather they assimilate among us as gentle cannibals. The term vampire has been around for centuries. From Dracula (Stoker 1897) to Twilight (Meyer 2005), vampire culture has seduced fiction lovers all over the world. The main target for this craze is women. Before it was Dracula`s â€Å"otherness† that provoked fears in 19th century, â€Å"otherness† returns in the vampires of 20th century as a source of empathy and†¦show more content†¦As Milly was arguing Louis`s unwanted status is a sign of victimhood; he came to inhabit the category of â€Å"evil† vampire as a result of Lestat`s actions. This sign of victimhood and innocence is something humans can relate to, therefore Louis deserves our sympathy. There was a time when America had a traumatic events during and after Vietnam War. We see soldiers ordered to kill the innocents and didn`t have the option to distinguish good and evil. Like Louis, they were put into this situation regardless of their desire. They are good people in a bad place. Our awareness of how easy it is for good people to go bad could have increased our interest in vampires and started to view them positively. The true horror in the movie is not the gruesomeness and nudity, it is the monotony of eternal life. As a contrast to our recent obsession with immortal beauty, vampires themselves don`t appreciate their features as much. Though eternal youth and beauty is really something humans can only wish for. Before the arrival of vampire beauty, ageing was a major concern in the American society in 1980s. Plastic surgery promoters soon awakened our deeply embedded desire of sexual attractiveness and took it even further to women`s career goals, mental health and marriage. Connections were made between evangelical Christians and a culture of dieting and exercising, as a result bodily transcendence became a

Jane Eyre Essay Example For Students

Jane Eyre Essay Jane Eyre is often regarded as a modern day fairy tale when viewed superficially . However, the complexity of the story lines and characters represented a phenomenal breakthrough in story writing techniques during the Victorian period. Brontes creation of a new and powerful woman created a stirr amoungst Victorian Critics. Raised in this repressive male-dominated society, some critics like Elizabeth Rigby,suggested that Charlotte Brontes characterisation of Jane Eyre demonstrated her rebellion against male repression . Elizabeth Rigby was very critical of the woman portrayed by Bronte describin Jane as an unregenerate and undisciplined spirit, reflecting a typical critical Victorian response to Janes assertive and independent nature. To interpret this as a feminst critique reflects a more positive response to Janes independence. R. B Martin, a modern critic of the 1970s, suggests that the most dominant theme in the novel Jane Eyre, is the fight for equality and that Janes character illustrates the emergence of feminism during the Victorian Period. It has been argued that Jane Eyre is a wild and undisciplined spirit. Janes ideals and actions greatly contradicted Victorian expectations of womens social role. Her failure to be subordinate to men and desirew for social equality is clearly shown in her relationship with Rochester and St. John. This, together with frequent shows of aggression and wild temper were seen as a threat to the ideals of women in Victorian Society and were greatly and widely criticised. Sandra M. Gilbert aptly described Jane Eyre as a larger than life emblem of passionate, barely disguisable rebelliousness. Critics of the late nineteenth century were angered at Janes absolute refusal to submit to her social destiny- a life of drudgery and conformity to the rules of society made by men. With Jane Eyre, Charlotte Bronte introduced a new type of heroine to English Romanticism. Jane Eyre is a heroine endowed with intelligence and pluck; attributes all seen to be totally unacceptable for a woman at this time. From the opening words of the novel, the reader can experience the anger and brutish energies demonstrated in Janes aptly described undisciplined spirit, as she dares to challenge the man of the house, Master Reed. Janedares to confront Reed in an attempt to put a stop to the torment she endures from him. My terror had passed its climax, other feelings succeeded Wicked and cruel boy i said. you are like a morderer. Janes lanugage in this passage is very abrupt, heartfelt and meaningful. it is almost as if this speech is the climax of many years of pent-up anger and frustration that has finally been released. Janes later use of the expression you are like a slave driver suggest her feelings of confidement under the authority of Reed and the other more poerful individuals within her household. This speech along and violent episode represent Janes first rebellion against the suppressive powers in her house and to some critics this highlighted the view of Jane as unregenerate as it not ony demonsrates power and agression from a young woman but using this power against a man of higher social standing, a challenging concept in Victorian Society. This violent episode highlights a view of Jane as being unregenerate as it not only demonstrates violence from a woman, but violence against a man of higher social standing than herself, a most challenging concept in Victorian Society. nother challanging concept was janes different outlook on life compared to the other women srrondfing her in the novel. These other female characters, such as Blanche Ingram and Adele Varens, accentuate the description of Jane as a larger than life emblem of passionate and barely describable rebelliousness. Unlike Jane, they desire fashionable gowns, jewels and money rather than love or freedom. He produced a casket and opened it and showed magnificant bracelets and earrings; she acted astonishment amd admiration , kneeling he laidthe treasure at her feet; incredulty and delight were expressed by her looks and gestures. but these material gestures are certainly not what Jane desires. it is Janes implicit desire for love and freedom that sets her appart from these women, a desire that challanged the boundries set for women and the fulfillment of their needs; replacing jewels with equalty and affection. Critics of the late nineteenth century not only compared Jane with female characters within the novel, but other predominant female characters introduced onto the literary scene at this time. Dickens characters are a marvellous example of such women. Choice of the African character EssayThis tells us that Jane is a shattered person and her life is meaningless. In the same way All John Reeds tyrannies, All his proud indifferences, All his mothers diversion shows how much hatred Jane has for the Reeds this also shows that they are family however they treat each other like foe. Moreover repetition of the word All symbolises the fact that the entire world is after her and she is like a prey to all the predators out there hunting for her and she has nowhere to hide. The word All also shows that there is no one to give her protection and she is isolated. Moreover this shows that Jane is like an endangered animal that is at risk of getting hunted and soon maybe destroyed because of the environment around her. Jane is made to feel dissimilar just because she is an orphan and is poor she is like a mad cat show that the family dont talk directly to Jane and they take her to be like an animal. She is treated brutally however everyone witnesses this yet they choose not to do anything about it. Everyone turns a blind eye to the truth and once again the innocent and poor Jane has to suffer in silence. This is constant pain even as a small child Jane knew what was happening to her, she knew that she was abused however she was afraid to speak up. She is shown no humanity and is given the image of an animal not just by the family but by everyone who comes across Jane. The Victorians believed that the poor were treated like dirt and the poor were not allowed to engage in any relationship with the rich this shows the differences between the people in the 19th century and also shows that Jane was a victim of this inequality. In chapter 1 symbolism is used to help create sympathy for Jane red moreen curtains show the isolation and loneliness Jane is made to feel which shows the extent of Janes pain. There is a limit to abuse and Jane has experienced many things on her life which have exceeded this limit. It alkso shows that there is a barrier between her and the family and also the outside world. Jane is completely turned away from the outside world and she does not know what the outside world even looks like. Also she does not know what it is like to be free as she is like an imprisoned bird that has always been kept in a cage. Jane has nowhere in the world whwere she can be at peace besides the red room this is the only hiding place jane has and it is the only place she can call home. This symbolises passion and the feelings of peace and contentment for the first time. Jane is put into the red room to be punished however, as Jane is afraid of crowds, she prefers to stay there than anywhere else in the world. She is fervent about reading however all the Reeds wish for is getting rid of Jane and distancing her away from themselves as far as possible. The red room is a barrier between Jane and the family. Likewise, in the 19th century women were meant to be beautiful to be given the status of a woman this shows that Jane had none of these things and was therefore taken to be inferior. This creates sympathy for Jane as we know what the truth is and it makes us want to speak out for Jane and sympathise with her. Moreover, symbolism is used to create sympathy for Jane And a half moon setting shows that a new beginning for Jane and a new life. Finally Jane is able to feel some of the joys of life and is gradually starting to endure life. Jane is living life like every other ordinary person. Jane never knew that she would ever enjoy life but now that she is experiencing this joy it is beyond words Even for me life had its gleams of sunshine shows that Jane degrades herself and holds a minute status for herself. This also shows that behind all the happiness that Jane feels she knows that deep down there is going to be an end to this contentment at least one day. However gleams of sunshine shows an indication of hope and guidance for Jane. Now that Jane is going to school there have been new doors opened for her. However under all this joy we dont know what surprises life has wrapped for her. Similarly in the 19th century the law sent an order to eradicate child abuse this is the time when everything began to improve for the children in them times. Therefore, Janes life is starting to improve and Jane has started to enjoy life. Even the happiness in Janes life creates sympathy because we feel happy for her and we begin to believe that Jane deserves the joy that she is getting. Coming to a conclusion, I believe that in the book Jane Eyre, from the chapters 1-5 Jane is a very strong person and she is a fighter. Jane has had to tolerate many problems all throughout her life and she has faced every problem successfully. The amount of trouble that Jane had to go through perhaps no one would have been able to endure the way she did. Jane has shown a lot of courage all throughout her life and has faced all the obstacles that came in her path with tolerance and patience. Jane was never loved by anyone and even the most merciful person, God, was put against her. However she believed in herself and rose above the problems. Finally, I believe that the novel Jane Eyre is a very inspirational book and the character of Jane was very powerful moreover, it is an example to me, to become strong and face every challenge with endurance.

Accounting Theory Business Revolutions

Question: Discuss about the Accounting Theory for Business Revolutions. Answer: Introduction The biggest of all automotive scandals so far is the scandal of Volkswagen emission testing by defeat device. This device is defined by US EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) as an apparatus that reduces effectiveness of control systems on emission testing under conditions what vehicle experiences actually and reasonably. This software on detection of emission test would reduce nitrogen oxide emissions and torque, which is different when normal condition, prevails. A stakeholder as defined by Freeman and Reed in 1983 is a distinct body that not only can influence accomplishment of organizational objectives but can also be itself influenced by such organizational accomplishments. The stakeholders of Volkswagens can readily indentified by the following figure. Source: Sustainability Report, 2014. Major stakeholders The four major stakeholders of the mighty Volkswagen group essentially include their partners, customers, the capital market, the society. The direct effects of the Volkswagen scandal can be easily witnessed when the shares of the company plunged by nearly one third. It therefore was a major setback for Volkswagen shareholders investors, who put their high hopes, trust, and hard-earned money in the shares of the company .Hence, the investor sentiments, confidence was lost largely. The concerns of the Volkswagen partners i.e. employees, suppliers, business strategic partners etc. essentially revolve round sustainability, customer satisfaction, health, earnings, unbiased opportunities etc. (Barn, 2016).The scandal has fuelled so much insecurity uncertainty regarding the companys future among the partners that they have been found to part with the company. The society as a stakeholder of company generally includes the lawmakers, the municipal authorities, social working groups etc. The concerns of the society and the customers i.e. dealers consumers, of Volkswagens have been found to coincide in terms of safety of the vehicles, climate environmental protection issues. However, the recent emission scandal has put the concerns of the customers the society at stake (Zhang, et al, 2016). Volkswagen case Defeat device applied by Volkswagen on 400000 Volkswagen diesels run on roads of US.EPA imposed $37500 per vehicle for non-compliance of regulations, a fine of maximum about $18bn. Stock of Volkswagen dropped by 20% .CEO resigned, and U.S justice department (Zhou, 2016) has initiated investigation. In September 2015, EPA accused Volkswagen of cheating US emissions tests. Volkswagen has provisioned 6.7bn (4.8bn) to replenish costs required for recalling cars with cheat device in millions (8.5 million in Europe, including 2.4 million in Germany and 1.2 million in the UK, and 500,000 in the US) worldwide. As a direct consequence, the company faced 2.5bn loss in quarter late October15 for the first occasion in 15years. Code of ethics, which US companies required to be implemented regarding regulatory compliance and applicable in working environment, was allegedly violated by Volkswagen (Fracarolli Lee, 2016). Action plans Volkswagen management actions can be explained by different financial accounting theory. In Legitimacy, theory organisation should ensure that they operate following the norms and bounds of societies they belong. There is a notion of social contract. Legitimacy proves organisations value system goes with society and this is established through the process of legitimation. Presently, organisation should operate as per explicit and implicit expectation of the society as well as public expectation (Sustainability reporting, 2012). Organisation has to address human, social, and environmental issues. Companys operation should conform to social legitimacy. Here comes the role of public disclosure by examining social and environmental reporting maintaining legitimacy(Nelson, 2016). There is also stakeholder theory, ethical managerial branch. The company keeping in mind their interest should treat all stakeholders fairly and for their benefits. Ethical branch says that stakeholders have right to the information if there is conflict of interest. When defeat device installed as functioning devise it was totally unethical as well as illegal. The institutional theory of isomorphism and decoupling is required to be cited here. In isomorphism, mainly coercive where institutional practices are changed by the organisation due to pressure of powerful stakeholders. Here decoupling also established where management adopt practices which vary from practices which are publicly pronounced adhering to environmental and social responsibility (Das, 2013). Volkswagens responsibility Volkswagens management should accept accountability because of the scandal for which it is held responsible. It should act and account for those actions considering them as right to information. Reporting is companys responsibility even if not demanded. Managerial branch of stakeholder theory explains how management should attend stakeholders expectations maintaining strategic organisational objectives and by continually following disclosure policy of organisational operations. Here information of financial accounting and information of social performance should be provided to stakeholders (Janssen, 2013). As mentioned above here Legitimacy Theory, Stakeholder Theory and Institutional Theory such as isomorphism and decoupling are applicable in this scandal case of VOLKSWAGEN. Legitimacy theory establishes relationship between disclosures of company and expectation of community. Management should follow both ethical issues and its performance. It is by the virtue of which company gains legitimacy and capabilities to survive (Zhang, 2016). Stakeholder theory comes into play where management plays a major role of meeting demands of stakeholders by continual adaptation of disclosure strategies. Institutional theory of isomorphism and decoupling to be highlighted which relates to both coercive stakeholder pressure and image of organisation with disclosure of policies on its environmental and social responsibility (Nzuve, 2011). Here all the above theories considered jointly for better understanding of this cheating case on emission testing in the perspective of ethical lesson (Klinger, 2016). Theory should accomplish practices otherwise new theories need to be developed. Accounting theory is the principles in the form of guidelines that give references on how accounting practices will be carried out, developed, and evaluated. Good business lies upon trust. People who are driving cars if cannot trust that their vehicles will safely run under all conditions, then company is guilty by its practices and non-compliance is charged with respect to accounting theory of stakeholder (ethical branch) and legitimacy. Volkswagen violated principles of ethics which company itself approved that each of their employees will abide by the rules and regulations, laws, group values, code of conduct applicable to their working environment (Volkswagen, 2015). Violation of the above will attract appropriate consequences as per pr evalent law and it will also result in termination of employer-employee relationship and damages will be claimed (Elson, et al, 2015). Conclusion The present research based study has been a great learning experience in terms of the valuable insight it has provided on various concepts, theories, practices of accounting. The evaluation and analysis of their relevance in the light of the Volkswagen emission scandal has also been rewarding. Further, the study has also served as a revelation as regards investigating a never before scandal of this magnitude that has been effected by the most robust automobile giant of all times. Moreover, it has also been highly instrumental in displaying major environmental issues theirs concerns related to toxic nitrogen oxide carbon emissions. Finally, the present study will also help the readers in gaining knowledge about the various stakeholders, Volkswagen management their practices, Volkswagen accounting practices the company as a whole (Balbir, 2016). References Balbir, S 2016, Do You Own a Volkswagen? Values as Non-Functional Requirements. In Human-Centered and Error-Resilient Systems Development, Springer. Barn, B.S 2016, Do you own a Volkswagen? Values as non-functional requirements. In International Conference on Human-Centred Software Engineering, Springer International Publishing. Das, S 2013, Cultural Due-diligence for Global Operation: Basic Steps, Vilakshan, The XIMB Journal of Management,vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 12-20. Elson, C.M., Ferrere, C.K. Goossen, N.J 2015, The bug at Volkswagen: Lessons in co determination, ownership, and board structure, Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, vo. 27, no. 4, pp.36-43. Fracarolli N,M. Lee P, C 2016, Caught red-handed: The cost of the Volkswagen Dieselgate, Journal of Global Responsibility, vo. 12, no. 2, pp. 22-38 Janssen, C.I., 2013, Corporate historical responsibility (CHR): Addressing a corporate past of forced labor at Volkswagen, Journal of Applied Communication Research, vol. 41, no. 1, pp.64-83. Klinger, A 2016, On the Dynamics of IdentityThe Interplay between Volkswagen's Organizational and Consumer Identities in Light of the 2015 Emissions Scandal. Springer International Publishing. Nelson, J.S., 2016. The Criminal Bug: Volkswagen's Middle Management. Available at SSRN 2767255. Nzuve S, 2011, Some Thoughts of How to Allocate Indirect Costs in a Corporate Environment, School of Business, University of Nairobi. Sustainability reporting 2012, Using sustainability to drive business innovation and growth 2012, viewed 18 September 2016, https://www.deloitte.com/view/en_IN/in/index.htm. Volkswagen 2015, Volkswagen: Annual report and accounts 2014, viewed 18 September 2016, https://www.volkswagenag.com/content/vwcorp/content/en/misc/pdf dummies.bin.html/downloadfilelist/downloadfile/downloadfile_30/file/Y_2014_e.pdf. Zhang, B., Veijalainen, J. Kotkov, D 2016, Volkswagen Emission Crisis: Managing Stakeholder Relations on the Web. InWEBIST 2016: Proceedings of the 12th International conference on web information systems and technologies. Zhou, A., 2016. Analysis of the Volkswagen Scandal Possible Solutions for Recovery.