An Evaluation of Immanuel Kant’s “The Enlightenment”

In the essay â€Å"What is Enlightenment,† Immanuel Kant (1784) cited his views on â€Å"enlightenment† and how it affects the general public. He wrote:  Enlightenment is man's emergence from his self-imposed immaturity. Immaturity is the inability to use one's understanding without guidance from another. This immaturity is self-imposed when its cause lies not in lack of understanding, but in lack of resolve and courage to use it without guidance from another.Kant asserted that it is only after an individual liberates himself from guidance of others that he will be able to use the freedom he wants to exercise. In carrying out his duty, for example, man can argue but he cannot revolt as it most definitely will result to failure.Public and Private ReasoningTalking about achievement of enlightenment, Kant identified two types of reasoning: public and private. Public reasoning is being utilized when an individual makes an argument for the purpose of marking progress. On t he other hand, rational workers who use reason in completing their specific jobs exercise private reasoning as the public need not know about their use of reasoning. Besides, people who make use of private reasoning must know how to obey otherwise the completion of the task is impossible.Many examples have been cited by Kant in explaining the difference between public and private reasoning. An example is when military men refused to follow commands. If this happens, their group could no longer be considered military. In a different case, a soldier may follow commands which contrast his personal beliefs but later on will critique what he believes. In this example, he exercises private reasoning in following the commands while his public use of reasoning is demonstrated in voicing out his complaints.As Lewis Beck (1959) wrote:Kant seemed to favor public reasoning over private reasoning as he stated that the public use of one’s reason alone can bring about enlightenment among me n. The private use of reason, on the other hand, may often be very narrowly restricted without particularly hindering the progress of enlightenment.  An example involving clergymen and the case of changing the symbol of the church was provided. Kant described clergyman’s performance of duties as a private use of reason while making use of public reasoning in fulfilling his responsibilities to the public in making progress. He stated, â€Å"For if he believed he had found such in them, he could not conscientiously discharge the duties of his office; he would have to give it up.†Enlightened Age or Age of Enlightenment?According to Kant, we do not live in an enlightened age, but rather an age of enlightenment. He stressed:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"As things now stand, much is lacking which prevents men form being, or easily becoming, capable of correctly using their own reason in religious matters with assurance and free from outside direction. But, on the other hand, we have clear in dications that the field has now been opened wherein men may freely deal with these things and that the obstacles to general enlightenment or the release from self-imposed tutelage are gradually being reduced.†His assertion gave a clearer picture of the difference between an enlightened age and an age of enlightenment. In the former, people become religious without clergymen because they would know when to follow rules and when to disobey them. During the age of enlightenment, however, people make progress by utilizing both kinds of reasoning which eventually results in competence or the balance of both public and private use of reason. We must know how to determine when it is right to obey and right to argue. It enables us to become the managers of our own freedom.Strengths and Weaknesses of Kant’s ArgumentsKant offered several brilliant ideas in his essay. Specifically, his notions about public and private use of reasoning help us gain management of our own freedom. A nd if we know how to live by the rules of reasoning, we will be competent. This later on translates into moving closer to an enlightened age.  While there are really good points in his work, I disagree with some of his views. I personally do not approve of the statement that an enlightened individual should be one who is free of having anything done for him. I strongly believe that man is naturally dependent of other people. We as social beings still have to learn from others and must know how to follow rules in the society. It is never wrong to accept the guidance of others as long as we know that it will eventually result to marking personal progress which shall then help in recording societal progress. ReferencesBeck, Lewis. Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals. Kant, Immanuel. What is Enlightenment. Bobbs-Merrill, Indianapolis, 1959.Beck, Lewis. Studies in the Philosophy of Kany. New York: Bobbs-Merrill, Indianapolis, 1956.

The Logical Database

2 Nonfunctional RequirementsFunctional requirements define the needs in terms of performance, logical database requirements, design constraints, standards compliance, reliability, availability, security, maintainability, and portability. EXAMPLE 1Performance RequirementsPerformance requirements define acceptable response times for system functionality. The load time for user interface screens shall take no longer than two seconds.The log in information shall be verified within five seconds.Queries shall return results within five seconds.Example 2Logical Database RequirementsThe logical database requirements include the retention of the following data elements. This list is not a complete list and is designed as a starting point for developmentBooking/Reservation SystemCustomer first nameCustomer last nameCustomer addressCustomer phone numberNumber of occupantsAssigned roomDefault room rateRate descriptionGuaranteed room (yes/no)Credit card numberConfirmation numberAutomatic cancellation dateExpected check-in dateExpected check-in timeActual check-in dateActual check-in timeExpected check-out date Expected check-out timeActual check-out dateActual check-out timeCustomer feedbackPayment received (yes/no)Payment typeTotal BillFood ServicesMealMeal typeMeal itemMeal orderMeal payment (Bill to room/Credit/Check/Cash)EXAMPLE 3Design ConstraintsThe Hotel Management System shall be a stand-alone system running in a Windows environment. The system shall be developed using Java and an Access or Oracle databaseIllustrate a timeframe needed to complete each task based on the requirements from question 2.(5 Marks)Answer Estimating time framesTo manage your time well, you should know not only what tasks you need to accomplish, but also when those tasks must be completed and how long they'll take. Making accurate estimates about how long a task will take is one of the keys to effective time management. Many management problems are the result of unrealistic estimates of how long it will take to complete specific tasks.If you estimate time frames accurately, you'll be able to schedule work efficiently and meet deadlines:schedule work efficiently  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Accurate estimates about how long tasks will take to complete make scheduling a lot easier. They ensure that you won't have to keep changing your schedule. If you have a task that you accurately estimate will take six hours, for example, you can allot that time in your schedule and be reasonably confident you won't have to change the schedule. But what if you didn't accurately estimate the time for that task and allotted it only three hours? It would throw your schedule off, and you'd need to rework it.meet deadlines  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ If you're accurate in estimating the time it will take to complete tasks, you'll be better able to meet your deadlines. If you're estimates aren't accurate, you may need to ask to change deadlines or disappoint others who are relying on you to complete certain tasks. With accurate time estimates, you'll also be more confident about setting deadlines because you know that the time you assign for completing each of your tasks is realistic. Time estimate equationIt's important to estimate the time frames for your tasks accurately so that you can schedule all your work effectively and meet deadlines. To go about doing this, you first need to know the requirements of each task and your experience with activities – both when they run smoothly and when they don't – to produce three time estimates:The  likely time  is the time that the task normally takes you to complete. It helps to consider the time it takes to complete the task without interruption. You should also think about a time frame you would be comfortable with based on your workload, the task, and any external factors that may delay or speed up the completion of the task.The  shortest time  is the least amount of time that you have taken to complete the task in the past. It may also refer to the shortest time in which you think you can complete the task if there are no interruptions or distractions.You can estimate the  longest time  by considering what may go wrong when performing the task and then adding this extra time to the task's likely duration. This estimate should be based on your experience of this type of activity in the past, as well as on any foreseeable difficulties.You use the three time estimates to calculate the shortest possible time to complete a task based on an average of the likely, shortest, and longest times. Because in most cases a task will take the likely time to complete, this time is given more weight. You need to multiply it by 4, add the shortest time, and then add the longest time. You divide the total by 6 to get the shortest possible time.One important thing to remember is that you must use the same measurements for each type of time. For example, if your likely time is a number of days, the shortest and longest times must also be in days. If your estimates are in different measurements, start by changing them so they are all the same. The time frames equation often produces a shortest possible time that is longer than the shortest time you put into the equation. This is because the equation helps ensure that you're realistic about how long things will take.To manage your time effectively, you have to estimate the time it will take to complete each of your tasks. Doing this ensures you can schedule your work appropriately and meet all your deadlines. To estimate the time frames for your tasks, you can use a simple time frames equation, which uses estimates for the likely, shortest, and longest times to calculate the realistic, shortest possible time that it will take to complete a task.https://library.skillport.com/courseware/Content/cca/pd_11_a02_bs_enus/output/html/sb/sbpd_11_a02_bs_enus002005.htmlFive threats to your business that you need to consider for the success of this system. Answer: After assessing the strengths and weaknesses of your business for your business plan, look for external forces, like opportunities and threats, that may have an effect on its destiny. These changes includeThe appearance of new or stronger competitorsThe emergence of unique technologiesShifts in the size or demographic composition of your market areaChanges in the economy that affect customer buying habitsChanges in customer preferences that affect buying habitsChanges that alter the way customers access your business Changes in politics, policies, and regulationsFads and fashion crazesList the threats and opportunities facing your business, and follow these guidelines:When listing opportunities, consider emerging technologies, availability of new materials, new customer categories, changing customer tastes, market growth, new uses for old products (think about how mobile phones and even eyeglasses now double as cameras and computers), new distribution or location opportunities, positive changes in your competitive environment, and other forces that can affect your success. When listing threats, consider the impact of shrinking markets, altered consumer tastes and purchase tendencies, raw material shortages, economic downturns, new regulations, changes that affect access to your business, and competitive threats, including new competing businesses and competitive mergers and alliances. Also think about the impact of expiring patents, labor issues, global issues, and new products that may make your offering outdated or unnecessary. If you're having a tough time getting specific, look back at the strengths and weaknesses, but this time, use it to list strengths and weaknesses of a competitor. You won't know as much about your competitor's capabilities as you know about your own, but you probably know enough to flag areas of strength and weakness. Your competitor's strengths are potential threats to your business, and its weaknesses present potential opportunities. http://www.dummies.com/business/start-a-business/business-plans/how-to-identify-opportunities-and-threats-in-business-planning/Three elements of risk All risk management standards agree that the goal of risk management is to enhance the chances of success of the relevant endeavor. However, each of them provides a different definition of risk: ISO31000:2009 calls it â€Å"effect of uncertainty on objectives,† the PMI â€Å"PMBOK Guide†Ã‚  has â€Å"an uncertain event or condition that, if it occurs, has a positive or negative effect on the project's objectives,† and the preferred Risk Doctor definition is â€Å"uncertainty that matters. â€Å"Each description is true, but only partly so. This matters because, until we know what we are dealing with, we cannot manage it in the best way possible:If we use the ISO definition, then our first thought will be to focus on the  effect;If we follow PMI, then we will start from the potential  occurrence;With the Risk Doctor definition, we start from  uncertainty.Each of these — the effect, the event and the uncertainty  Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã‚  is a component of risk, but on its own is not a risk. Even taken in pairs they do not provide the full picture:an effect plus an event is  an issue;an event plus an uncertainty is  a prediction;an uncertainty plus and effect is  a concern.It is only when you put all three together that you can see what a risk is made of, and use this information to decide on what, if anything, to do about it. Of course, this then requires a longer definition, but the goal enhancing the chances of success is worth the effort.But what is â€Å"success†? It is more than simply â€Å"meeting objectives;† it must also include the condition of â€Å"complying with project constraints† in order for the final result to remain within scope. The three-part definition helps with three important stages of the risk management process:1.risk identification, it supports the structured description of a risk (â€Å"risk metalanguage†) in the form: â€Å"Because of , may occur, leading to In  2.risk evaluation, knowledge of potential causes allows you to evaluate the likelihood; identification of effects provides a basis for quantifying the impact. In  3 risk response planning, the different parts of the definition suggest different response approaches:for  threat avoidance, understanding the  situation  may allow you to stop it happening or protect against its results;understanding the  situation  can also be used to help us  exploit opportunities;in  risk transfer or sharing, we seek a partner better equipped to address the  effect;for  threat reduction  or  opportunity enhancement, we focus on the  effect  and/or the  likelihood; Example 1 Safety and security risks in hotelsA strategic framework for hotel safety and security has been designed for owned and managed hotels and is illustrated below, showing the identified groups of risks and describing the management activities carried out to mitigate those risks.2 Mitigating hotel safety and security risksRisks are identified at hotel level through various means including intelligence gathering, quality audits, risk management assessments and internal audits. They are also identified as a result of incidents, customer audits and self-assessment. Hotel management discuss issues at monthly safety meetings and action plans are developed. Risks are prioritised, assigned and improvement actions are identified, progressed and monitored. Action plans are reviewed at appropriate levels in the organization for issues that need to be escalated either to drive action or to develop common solutions. IHG believes it has a mature and capable systemic and systematic approach to managing hotel safety and security which both reduces the likelihood and impact of events. The embedded culture within IHG makes hotels and the corporation more resilient to unexpected or unidentifiable risks.https://www.ihgplc.com/files/reports/ar2009/managing-risks-in-hotels.htmlhttp://exclusive.multibriefs.com/content/3-essential-elements-of-risk/business-management-

To What Extent are Tutors and Students Responsible for the Learning Essay

To What Extent are Tutors and Students Responsible for the Learning Experience in Higher Education - Essay Example Many experiments have been done on the same and several critics have given the drawbacks and necessary steps that need to overcome them to have a better learning experience. On keeping this as a starting note, it is high time that equal importance is given to students and their learning experience at a higher education level. The primary factor that determines the scale of the learning experience of every student is their boredom factor. So, in order to identify the extent to which the students and teachers are responsible for the learning experience in higher education, an analysis has to be made with boredom as a critical factor.( Mann & Robinson 2009) To give a brief explanation of what boredom is, it can be attributed to person's state of mind when he has nothing to do that he likes. On an analysis on what causes boredom among students which in turn leads them to have a bad learning experience, it was found out that the teaching techniques of the lectures and the methods they fol low to be the primary reason. Some of the teaching methods followed by teachers evoke a passive environment of learning. Also, a one-way relationship between teachers and students could also lead to a dip in their learning curve. On the other side, a student's individual interest also plays a part on the grade one earns in learning. (Gjesne 1977) If the student is not open towards learning new things, irrespective of whatever the teacher presents. Then, the student is at the receiving end for all the blames of having a lean learning experience. Hence a cognitive analysis is required on both sides to determine the extent of impact on learning experience. ( Mann & Robinson 2009) Teachers' effect on learning experience The main teaching method that is followed in most of the universities is converting text to computer PowerPoint presentations and presenting them. Although studies have shown that these methods have improved the learning outcomes of students, there have been cases where it has had a negative impact on students. Hence a factual study of whether these presentations have improved the learning outcomes have not been provided yet.

Music history report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Music history report - Essay Example One of the most remarkable and influential eras in the history of music is the Classical period. The Classical period, though brief compared to other musical eras, it has contributed much in the history of musical development. Symphonies, sonatas, and string quartets of the three great composers of the Viennese School (Franz Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and Ludwig Van Beethoven) were among the notable developments that happened in the Classical period. Also, other remarkable composers included minor composers such as Mozart’s father, several of J.S. Bach’s sons, Johann Hummel, Muzio Clementi, Friedrich Kuhlau, and many others (Moss). The melodies of the Classical era were more compact and diatonic in nature, thus making it an era of strict and restrained music. Notably, there was less structure in the harmony of the compositions, as well. It used the tonic, dominant, and subdominant chords, which gave the compositions its really classical nature. Conspicuously , during this period, diatonic harmony was more common than chromatic. Composers mainly used chords in triadic form and occasionally used seventh chords in their compositions (â€Å"The Classical Era†).

StrategicHuman Resource Assessment 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

StrategicHuman Resource Assessment 2 - Essay Example It is in this context that attracting the appropriate talent pool is often observed as a major challenge in the consumer goods industry, majorly due to the requirement of vast workforce and the persisting divergences in the targeted labor market. Correspondingly, organizations implementing SHRM policies and strategies realized the importance and need of flexibility with respect to change, anticipation, innovation and adaptation. In the consumer goods industry, SHRM strategies and policies differ from organization to organization in accordance to the external factors influencing the business such as the political environment, economic hazards, community culture and the socio-environmental structure of the market. Additionally, the organizational structure, its internal culture along with the SHRM policies applied within the company also imposes significant influence on its attractiveness as an ‘employer of choice’ (Boxall, Purcell & Wright, 2007). ... which the organizations must coordinate and recognize the most potential challenges that the organizations shall have to witness in growing as an attractive employer in the selected market. Furthermore, in order to obtain a critical view regarding the issue, this study will also take into account the example of a world renowned consumer goods brand, i.e. Procter & Gamble Australia & New Zealand (P&G). Elements of HR strategies that must be coordinated by consumer goods companies and the consequent challenges The need to bring about transformational modification in Australian job market is continuing to be determined by an economic plan that aims at improving the productivity as well as the flexibility within its labor force. This plan helps the organization to sustain in the middle of international competitiveness as an attractive employer. The rules and regulations of the Australian job market in accordance to the industrial relations have also expressively affected the HR strategie s being employed in various industries including the consumer goods industry as such elements attempts to bring about vital changes in the framework of employment relationship (Johnson, 2009). As stated by Pettigrew (1985), a planned procedure provides an organization an agenda through which it selects a sequence of action or optimal strategy to accelerate enhancement in accordance to its objective of competitive advantage as an ‘employer of choice’. Therefore, organizational vision and strategic aims can also be regarded as an influencing factor to create an affect over its development as an attractive employer. Based on this context, Glueck (1980) stated that strategy is a combined, inclusive and cohesive plan which is designed to confirm the achievement of the basic objectives of the

Pathophysiology and Current Management Practices Case Study

Pathophysiology and Current Management Practices - Case Study Example This paper outlines three differential diagnoses for a case, their respective pathophysiology and current management practices for those diagnoses. The case diagnosed in this paper is about a 62-year-old man who collapsed at a shopping center at about 10:30 am after feeling extremely dizzy. The man who is also living alone had experienced an episode of falling from stairs eight months ago without any major injury. Although the man is awake and sitting on the ground, he shows signs of drowsiness and disoriented and has difficulty in talking. The man insists on going home even though his eyes suddenly move upwards and in a few seconds he begins a seizure. The key symptoms, in this case, are drowsiness, difficulty in talking, dizziness, difficulty in talking and seizure. The history such as episodes of falling, age, time of the incident and the fact he lives alone are also crucial and important information in obtaining accurate differential diagnoses. The brain metabolism relies primari ly on glucose to supply the energy necessary for metabolism. When levels in blood drop below certain levels normally 0.55nm, subtle reduction in the mental effects of the brain occurs and results in the impairment of judgment resulting in symptoms like seizures. Small quantities of glucose can be derived from the stored glycogen within the astrocytes; however, a brain is dependent to the greater extent on the continual supply of glucose from the blood. Glucose from the blood diffuse into the interstitial cells, then into the central nervous system (CNS) and finally into the neurons. Within the CNS, energy is required for synthesis of signals and conveyance of information to the muscles. This explains the emergence of symptoms such as drowsiness, difficulty in talking, dizziness, and seizure. Generally lack of enough glucose supply to the brain would result in confusion and in severe cases, it is preceded with dizziness and drowsiness, seizure and finally, the patient can go into a c oma.

Eng lit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Eng lit - Essay Example The attempt to "absorb America" that Deveare speaks of is perhaps impossible because of the sheer range of peoples, experiences and ideas that exist within it. But perhaps that very impossibility is an example of the success of the project. Thus is a person thinks that they have encapsulated the American experience and can hold it all within their viewpoint, they are bound to be excluding some groups and ideas that are not easy to absorb. A true absorbing of what it means to "be" American will involve a dizzying mixture of experiences which will overwhelm any one individual. The through-line which holds these selections together is the fact, paradoxically, that they are so different from one another. They hold a commonality of difference. But that difference is perhaps the best descriptor of the genuine American experience. "I sit down to write something of the life and character of Joaquin Murieta, a man as remarkable in the annals of crime as any of the renowned robbers of the Old or New World, who have preceded him." (p.1) The idea that a Mexican could be as "renowned" in anything as a white man, even in the dubious distinction of being an outlaw, was novel at the time this account was written. In many ways Ridge's account of the actions of Murieta contributed to the outlaw bandit image of the border states more than anything else. There is something Romantic to this hero, something which has remained to the present day. "I do this not for the purpose of contributing to any depraved taste for the dark and horrible in human action, but rather to contribute my mite to those materials out of which the early history of California shall one day be composed." Of course this appeal to "depraved tasted" is precisely what Ridge is doing. This quotation is useful because the legend and myths of such outlaws are as much a part of early American history as any of the lives of politicians. The mythology of the west is as important as the reality, indeed, it becomes part of the reality whether it is true or not. Harte, The Luck of Roaring Camp and Other Writings "There was commotion in Roaring Camp. It could not have been a fight, for in 1850 that was not novel enough to have called together the entire settlement. The ditches and claims were not only deserted, but "Tuttle's grocery" had contributed its gamblers, who, it will be remembered, calmly continued their game the day that French Pete and Kanaka Joe shot each other to death over the bar in the front room." (p.1) The myth of the violence of the American West, like many national myths, is based at least partly upon reality. This memorable opening shows the innate humor that could be gained from a community that is so violent that it barely notices two men shooting each other to death in a bar. In one sense, this quotation supports the great Hollywood Western myth that the whole of the West was made up of lawless towns in which coffins for the day's shooting deaths were lined up every day. "The assemblage numbered about a hundred men. One or two of these were actual fugitives from justice, some were criminal, and all were reckless. Physically they exhibited no indication of their past lives and character. The greatest scamp had a Raphael face, with a profusion of blonde

A Worn Path Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A Worn Path - Essay Example The wrinkles on the face are compared to the branching limbs of the tree. Deductive argument- This argument form are truth preserving arguments. The racism explained by the author in the story is that of truth. In American society, the black people are oppressed and suppressed by white men. The character phoenix in the story is threatened by white men. From the story, one can get the real picture of American society. Racism is the bitter reality of American culture. Another argument which can be raised for analysis is that the story reflects the obstacles people face in life. Especially it is the story of a woman who is strong willed. The message in the story is strong and socially informative. The story also is a reflection of the life of an old black woman who can face life with courage and determination. Inductive argument – This argument is one which generalization happens and conclusion is given the story reveals that Phoenix being an African American faced many obstacles in her life. This was mainly due to the oppression the community shows upon black people so we can assume that all black women face difficulties like Phoenix. Defensible argument- It is an argument based on ethics and moral philosophy. In the story, the perseverance and sacrifice of Phoenix shows the responsibility and affection of a grandmother towards her grandson. This shows that she is an honest and true woman with lovable character. The stand of white men portrayed in the story shows that ethical and moral responsibility of American people is not

Elections Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Elections - Essay Example 4) Biden gave both opening and closing statements, Ryan was defensive, and it was a one sided victory by Biden. 3)The feisty Republican candidate relentlessly criticized and thrashed the opponent Democratic ways, policies and leadership style i.e. Obama care, Libya, economy etc (Espo, and Daly). But on matters such as Taxes, Foreign Policy, American values, he gave baffled answers. The first question out of three that were more prominent was: Biden was anti-war like Obama and said clearly that the last thing that America needed was another war, while Ryan, like Romney said they would continue to increase troops and forces in Iraq and Afghanistan, and they do foresee a war in the making with Iran due to Iran-U.S clashes. 2) Secondly, Ryan defended well, the fiery questions from Biden, about his Taxes plans and Federal Policy facts 3) Ryan was not able to retain his composure upon questions regarding Foreign policy matters especially the Middle East situation, and National security mat ters such as combating terrorism (Miles). Ryan had the edge over Biden from the start by 42% to 25% margin (Espo, and Daly). But due to his young age and lack of experience and political insight, he failed to get a strong grip of the debate and ended up being wonky and puzzled about questions regarding their tax related policies and foreign policy predictions. I am personally in favor of Biden’s take on all over the debate issues, as he tackled the situations with a lot of reason and logic, and without exaggeration he had facts and figures to support his arguments, and his age, experience and Political know how helped him immensely, to get the audiences’ attention. 4)Although, it is hard to decide which candidate won the debate, as both had their strong and weak moments, but Biden had a clear, easily sensed edge over his rival Ryan. Ryan sounded wonky, less expressive, less concrete and lacking in political rationale. Part 4) 4)2012 results VOTES % WON Barack Obama 62, 611,250 50.6% Mitt Romney 59,134,475 47.8 Others 1,968,682 1.6 (Andrews et al ). SOURCE: AP. Map Barack Obama won the United States Election 2012 by leading from the front, either of the candidates, Barack H. Obama, and Mitt Romney, had to secure 270 seats to achieve the highly anticipated victory. Barack Obama won with 332 Electoral Votes, while Mitt Romney ended up with 206 Votes (Andrews et al ). The Map Analysis prior to the close Electoral Campaign shows that President Obama  carries a momentous, edge over former Massachusetts governor  Mitt Romney  in the battle for 270 electoral votes this fall, according to the first detailed analysis of the map conducted by the Fix ( Chris , and Aaron Blake ) Obama starts the general election with 15 states (plus the District of Columbia) and 196 electoral votes strengthen him while Romney begins with 21 states and 170 electoral votes firmly in his corner. (One of the states sturdily for Romney is Indiana, where Obama won in 2008 but no one expects a repeat performance in 2012). Another three states — Pennsylvania (20 electoral votes), Michigan (16) and New Mexico (5) — incline toward Obama while Arizona (11) and Missouri (10) lean toward Romney. Adding them up lends Obama 237 electoral votes and Romney 191 electoral votes. (Chris, and Aaron Blake) The SWING States: While Obama was a much likely candidate than Romney, victory will be decided by the nine swing states —

A Reflection on Personal Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A Reflection on Personal Life - Essay Example In 1999, when I was 6, I went to the village of my grandparents in Sacramento with my whole family. We went there for the Christmas celebrations and especially to see my parents’ old house in Sacramento. My parents fell in love in their early age living in the same village. The memories of visiting the village are very beautiful and touching. Our cousins and other relatives were very happy to see us during the Christmas holidays, as we never celebrated the event with them previously. I liked the social gathering system there to welcoming the guests very warmly. Maybe, as a child I enjoyed it by playing with children and receiving gifts from Santa and my elder sister could not feel the charms of childhood as I did. After coming back to home, I missed the company of my relatives and the village life; those were very energetic and delightful for me. I got admission in a new school when I was 12 years old. In the growing age, I found my teeth were little crooked. Before joining th e new school, I did not feel it as a fault for my body image, but some bully student of the school exposed it in a harsh manner. I was so depressed on the first day of this realization. I stopped to smile openly by hiding the bad image of my teeth. Mostly, I prayed to have beautiful teeth in the Church. I was a sensitive child and did not like to share my sad feelings with my parents. However, after a few stressful months, I accepted the reality of my teeth but could not mingle with everyone to avoiding any taunting behaviour.

Professional Roles And Values Essay Example for Free

Professional Roles And Values Essay My personal nursing mission statement is changing and developing as my career advances, however, one core piece will remain constant. I will strive to provide the best, safest, most ethical and compassionate nursing care that I can for all patients and family members with whom I come in contact. I began my post-high school academic career as an accounting major. I enjoyed the challenge of manipulating a report until I had balanced. I thought I had found my calling. As my first semester was nearing an end, I found myself contemplating the thought of sitting behind a desk all day. I wondered if I would find fulfillment in this work as a career? The more I pondered this thought, the more I realized that this was not the right career path for me. I saw images of the medical assistant program in the catalog at the school where I was attending. I could not shake the thought of the medical field for a profession. I attained my medical assistant degree and worked in the field for 10 years. The longer I worked, the more I realized that there was more that I wanted to do, but my current degree restricted me from going further. I researched nursing school programs and selected one with a night/weekend program that would allow me to continue working full-time during my studies. I have a family that I needed to continue to provide for and this seemed to be the best fit. My nursing school decision was fortified when I was selected for an award by the nursing faculty from all four semesters for excellence in the clinical setting. After graduation, I began my nursing career working as a case manager for orthopedic worker’s compensation patients. During this time I gained critical knowledge of the importance of clear documentation, the ever-changing requirements of insurance companies and an extra measure of compassion for patients whose lives were often changed by traumatic injuries. This time helped me to develop personally and professionally as a nurse. From there I went on to develop an in-office infusion program for  gastroenterology patients suffering from Crohn’s and ulcerative colitis. This experience helped me to learn valuable organizational and time management skills. I also learned a vast amount about the challenges of GI issues for patients of every age. This opportunity gave me leadership skills, as I was responsible for a program that serviced two locations, management of nursing staff and medical assistants. I also learned a very human side of nursing, as my patients visited me every eight weeks and were here for two to three hours at each visit. I got to know them as individualsmothers, fathers, children, students and employees. They became part of my life. To date there are nearly 70 patients for whom I am responsible. My next endeavor begins in one week. I will be leaving my â€Å"baby† to one of the nurses I have trained, to embark on a new challenge. I will be learning to work in a surgical setting, at an ambulatory surgery center. I know this new opportunity will push me to grow further as a nurse, as I seek to learn critical care. I hope to develop a new level of compassion and expertise that I can then use to provide comfort and reassurance to the patients for whom I am responsible. I am excited about this new challenge and look forward to all that I can bring to it. I believe nursing should cause us to change and grow; to stretch us to reach new levels of education, knowledge and compassion. I will strive to continually learn as my career progresses to better myself and provide the highest level of care for my patients. What is the functional difference between a regulatory agency, such as the board of nursing, and a professional nursing organization? While there are some overlapping concepts, for the most part they are very different in function. Both regulatory agencies and professional nursing organizations are concerned with equipping nurses in ways to provide the best, safest, most effective and ethical care. They differ in that a regulatory agency is just that, regulations. They set up rules that govern the way in which a nurse provides care to their patients. These regulations are not suggestions, but requirements that are expected of all nurses in all situations. Regulatory boards are not made up of â€Å"memberships† like a professional nursing organization. Regulatory agencies require certain standards for individuals to achieve to be licensed to provide nursing care. The public can gain reassurance about the nursing profession from knowing that nurses are regulated by a board of nursing. Professional nursing organizations (PNO), on the other hand, are optional memberships. One can choose to be part of an organization that will help to advance oneself in a specific area of nursing, such as the American Academy of Occupational Health Nurses (AAOHN), the Academy of Medical-Surgical Nurses (AMSN), the American Nurses Association (ANA), or the American College of Nurse Midwives (ACNM). (Monster staff) The list of PNOs is quite extensive and includes organizations for most any nursing specialty. PNOs also seek to shape health policy or public policy related to health matters. (unknown1) Professional nursing organizations work to advance public awareness of their branch of nursing or the nursing profession as a whole. They also seek to draw public attention to the nursing profession as a whole. There are many factors in a nursing code of ethics that guide how I choose to practice as a nurse. I will now explain how two components of a nursing code of ethics taken from the American Nurses Association guide my personal nursing practice. First I will look at, â€Å"The nurse, in all professional relationships, practices with compassion and respect for the inherent dignity, worth, and uniqueness of every individual, unrestricted by considerations of social or economic status, personal attributes, or the nature of health problems.† (American Nurses Association) This principle has affected me personally, in that in my current position of developing an infusion program for my office, I have been responsible for evaluating patients for the appropriateness of care in this setting. I am required to look at their health conditions, their emotional status and their insurance to determine if they meet the abilities of our in-office staff to provide excellent, safe, compassionate c are. It is imperative that I am non-judgmental and look at each patient as an individual. Their personal health needs must be foremost in my mind when I decide if we can care for them appropriately or not. It is a lot of responsibility and very difficult at times. I do believe I have been successful in this in that we have nearly doubled the number of patients we care for in the last six months. Second, †The nurse is responsible and accountable for individual nursing practice and determines the appropriate delegation of tasks consistent with  the nurses obligation to provide optimum patient care. In my current role, I am responsible for over-seeing other nurses and medical assistants in provision of care for our patients. It is imperative that I am certain that we are providing care that is within our scope of practice. Often, in an office setting, the doctors get comfortable with the skills of their nursing staff and request tasks, expecting that we will take care of them properly. I must be certain that orders are properly documented and signed by the providers and that I am not doing or asking others to do tasks that are not within our scopes of practice. On a weekly basis I find things that need to go back to the provider for clarification or reassignment for management by appropriate staff. This is paramount to assure safe care and ethical treatment of patients, as well as protection of staff from inappropriate expectations. In my upcoming role as a nurse in a surgical setting, I will be working daily with an interdisciplinary team of ordering physicians, surgeons, anesthesiologists, LPNs and many others. My practice will be guided by the following four divisions from the American Nurses Association: 1) nurses and people, 2) nurses and practice, 3) nurses and the profession, and 4) nurses and co-workers. (Lyons) First, as discussed in provisions 1-4, nurses and people considers all people, not just patients. This means I will consider families and other people involved in the patient’s care or life. Nurses and practice, from provisions 5-8, will require me to stay educated and aware of the current standards of practice and ethical guidelines by which a nurse should practice. According to provisions 5-9, by following the guideline of nurses and the profession, membership in PNOs will be important in helping me to stay aware of current standards for the specialty in which I am working, as well as current healthcare policy or legislation that is being negotiated. As a professional nurse, it will be important for me to be involved in advocating for the policy that I believe best suites the patients for whom I care. Lastly, as outlined in provisions 5-6, nurses and co-workers is of significant importance. New nurses often hear, â€Å"nurses eat their young†. I do not believe this should ever be the case. Our job is to guide and educate our patients. Why then, wouldn’t we be willing to help those fellow nurses in their work and development? I will seek to help my  fellow co-workers, whether they are nurses, LNAs or other professionals to provide the best care and maintain a healthy work environment in which all co-workers are valued for what th ey have to offer. One nursing theory that has influenced my nursing practice to date is Dorothea Orem’s â€Å"Self-Care Theory†. In Orem’s theory, she states that a person’s well-being is based on whole person health, to include both physical and mental health. In addition, she takes into consideration the social and interpersonal aspects of the person’s well-being. This theory is based upon individuals being responsible for their own care and the care of their family. This theory impacted my nursing practice significantly during my time as an orthopedic nurse case manager. It was of the utmost importance that patients took responsibility for their health, both for the sake of their physical status, as well as for the maintenance of their position at their place of employment. Orem’s theory also states that individuals need to be aware of potential health problems. This is important in worker’s compensation case management because patients needed to be aware of their ability to perform their work tasks. This sharing of information helped me to be a greater advocate for my patients with their providers and employers. As I continue on into a surgical setting, this theory will also be important as patients will need to know what to anticipate after their surgery physically, emotionally and socially. The nursing figure who immediately comes to mind as having an impact on my nursing practice is Florence Nightingale. I have known of her since my childhood, even before I knew I would grow up to be a nurse. I did not study her closely until I began nursing school. The reason I have selected Florence Nightingale is that she had such a significant impact on ground-breaking theory that led into today’s aseptic techniques. Ms. Nightingale led a team of nurses who helped to reduce the mortality rate for wounded soldiers during the Crimean War by two-thirds. (Unknown) Thanks to her careful attention to detail and relentless desire to help others, she studied the unsanitary conditions under which her patients were being cared for. She then developed new hygiene practices that created lasting impact on today’s medical profession. This information is the ground work for what  will guide my aseptic practices in a surgical setting, as well as those that I used working in wound c are in the orthopedic specialty. They are the basis for infection control in all healthcare settings. She was far ahead of her time. I recently had a situation with a patient where I had to exercise beneficence and respect for autonomy. My patient was having a reaction to an infusion of a medication called Remicade. This was her first dose being done in this clinical setting, and her second dose overall. Within the first 15 minutes of her infusion, I watched as she went from talkative and seemingly fine, to flushed, diaphoretic and shaky. I called the physician to get his input. He advised that I continue with my plan to hold the medication and run normal saline for a period of monitoring. We would reassess in 20 minutes to see if we could restart her infusion. As the end of the 20 minutes of normal saline was approaching, the patient seemed to deteriorate. She began to have rigors. This was not a typical infusion reaction. It was not listed in any of the research or clinical articles of which I had read. I called the physician back. As I did so, the patient expressed concern about whether or not he was going to s end her to the hospital. She desperately did not want to go. Over the last 5 months, she had been in and out of the hospital for extended periods of time. The thought of returning there frightened her. The physician suggested that she should go to the emergency room. As she expressed concern about going, he glanced at me. He then requested that I consult with her ordering physician. Upon calling the ordering physician, I could have expressed concern about her condition. I could have told him that I thought the other physician was correct. However, there was something in her request that seemed very controlled. Her vital signs were stable. I knew I was surrounded by help if it was needed. I trusted the patient’s request to remain autonomous. The ordering physician also felt that the patient would benefit from staying at the infusion center if she was physically able. I assured him the situation was under control and that I would transfer her immediately if her condition worsened. The patient stayed with me for monitoring for another 2  ½ hours. Her condition improved and she was able to safely return home without having to visit the emergency room. Beneficence is â€Å"action that is done for the benefit of others†. (Pentilat) I believe I acted with beneficence in making this decision to keep the patient with me. I believe the stress of a transfer to the emergency room may have made her condition worse and may have caused her to be admitted again. I have seen this patient since then and she has assured me that the extra time I had given her in the office impacted her both physically and emotionally. It is situations like this that make me truly love my job. It is times like this that I know nursing is not a job, it is a calling. REFERENCES American Nurses Association. Code of Ethics. (2015) Retrieved May 8, 2015 from http://www.nursingworld.org/Mobile/Code-of-Ethics Monster staff. The Ultimate List of Professional Associations for Nurses. (2015). Retrieved May 8, 2015 from http://nursinglink.monster.com/education/articles/11850-the-ultimate-list-of-professional-associations-for-nurses Nursing Excellence, The Online Newsletter for Childrens Nurses, e-Edition, Issue 9, Code of Ethics for Nurses, Jo A. Lyons, MOB, BS, RN-BC, Retrieved May 8, 2015 from http://www.valleychildrens.org/PRESSROOM/PUBLICATIONS/NURSINGEXCELLENCE9/Pages/CodeOfEthicsForNurses.aspx Pentilat, S., Beneficence vs. Non-maleficence. (2008) Retrieved May 9, 2015 from http://missinglink.ucsf.edu/lm/ethics/Content%20Pages/fast_fact_bene_nonmal.htm Unknown1. Differentiating the Roles of Regulatory Bodies and Associations for Health Professionals, A Background Document. (Feb. 2010) Retrieved May 8, 2015 from http://www.nursing.ubc.ca/Scholarship/RNNetwork/do cuments/Differentiating%20the%20Roles%20of%20Regulatory%20Bodies%20and%20Associations%20%20-%20Feb%202010.pdf Unknown2. Florence Nightingale. (2015). The Biography.com website. Retrieved 07:54, May 09, 2015, fromhttp://www.biography.com/people/florence-nightingale-9423539.

History Of Dress Code Cultural Studies Essay

History Of Dress Code Cultural Studies Essay The UAE is the fast changing counties across the world. The UAE has dress code based on respect for the culture and religion. As globalization increases the UAE has been addressing its apparels more than ever. UAE dress code is based on the traditional cultural ethics. The UAE have varying degrees of forbearance to clothing styles from around the world. There are some legal guidelines for which dress code is acceptable perhaps in todays globalized world restrictions for clothing has been removed to some extent. Western expatriates, visitors and tourist have strong influenced the dress codes in the UAE, had diversified the clothing styles of people rather than conventionally dress code. Traditional clothing in UAE for men is a white Kandura (Dishdasha) and Black abaya for women (Dress code in Dubai, Abu Dhabi, UAE). Dress code plays an important role to understanding the customs and traditions of the country. The roots of culture prevails the religion of Islam which is more than belief. It considered as the aesthetic part of the living as per the cultural values and customs. The UAE apparels represent the importance of culture and tradition. Dubai is more advanced than the Abu Dhabi and other emirates. The provision for the dress code has been inspired by the real life story of Asma al-Muhairi has become worried about the increasingly number of foreigners and western attire. She often saw the inappropriate attire of the foreigners which distract the cultural values of the UAE. These incidents inspire her to take action regarding the apparels and enforcing the law against the western culture. History of Dress code: The UAE Federal National Council (FNC) has been set up for the law on the dress code in the Emirates to ensure and respect the customs and sensibilities. Residents and tourists should implement the dress modestly conveying the cultural values. The campaign appealed to set the dress code by proposing the federal law enforcing the dress code against the inappropriate dress code in the UAE. The agenda behind the implementing the dress code is to aware the residents and localities supporting to the Muslim culture and foreigners should respect the traditions and culture of the country. This law strengthens the nations atmosphere of tolerance. The campaign not only lies the clothing also stated the fearing the loss of the regional, social and cultural values due to the immigrants of other countries across the world. They stated that resident have to respect their local culture for transit the values to the next generation of Emirates. The UAE dress code has initiated by the two emirates women- Hanan Al Rayes and Asma AL Muhairi started the campaign at the prospect of foreigners dress in appropriate apparel. This campaign started in the Gulf countries of UAE and Qatar intended to spread awareness in the emigrant communities for appropriate dressing attire opposes to the western culture and supports to the Islam culture on apparels. The campaign aims to educating the people rather than the enforceable by law. The Qatari campaign initiated by the Najla Al Mahmud (Dress code in Dubai, Abu Dhabi, UAE). Importance of the dress code in the UAE: The UAE residents and expatriates need to implement the law of dress code in the context of conventional beliefs. The application of dress code in the country has strong influence on the people to transit the cultural values and Muslim religion. There are significant role of the code of dress code are as follows- Dress code represents the Ethical and cultural orientation. To maintain the discipline at the workplace. Helps to understand the conventional beliefs and values. The dress code is a matter of respect for the residents. Source: http://www.themuslimtimes.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/UAE-Dress-Code.jpg The UAE can be resembled its dress code to represent the country in disciplined manner, to make significant as per the cultural prospective. The dress code in the country that outlines the local traditions and supported the federal law by effectively enforce the law for tourist and residents against the wearing the non ethical attire. Some examples of dress code are as follows- Work place dress code- At the work place means are expected to wear the attire a smart shirt with trousers with a neck tie. Suits are suitable for the professionals of high profile. While women expected to wear knee length skirts or full length trousers and shirts with sleeves covers the upper arms should be dressed conventionally in moderate fashion to gain the attention at their respective workplace. An appropriate dress code in Muslim country is an important aspect and recommended to dress conservatively. In Bahrain men restricted to wear shirts and for women tops without sleeves are restricted (Ameri, 2012). Dubai male dishdasha Source: (Dress Code and Conduct in Dubai) Traditional dress code- Traditional clothing for the men is white Kandura (Dishdasha) and black abaya for the women. Different colors also accepted in Oman. https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSJ_KMXLWF_6MP-fLWnayy6YjziP39zp3Dv-xr9uc9FRez5DOPy Source: (Kipp Report) Dress code during the Ramadan- During the Ramadan men and women should wear the clothes covers knees and shoulders. The attire should be dressed respectful in the context of the cultural values. Dress code benefited for the people: The proper dress code resembled UAE diverse form other countries across the world and represent the country in disciplined manner. The dress code transits the conventional and cultural values for next generation. The aims of applying the dress code to aware the people with traditions and cultural values. If the dress code will be followed by the residents at the workplace in appropriate manner as per the professional prospective such as board meetings and professional tours of the company. Same attire will reflect the higher professionalism in disciplined manner. Opinions of people and Recommendation with respect of dress code: The UAE dress code has attracted several peoples in the supports the idea to implement the dress code. Some followers support the ideas and stated that dress code is the matter of respect to attire adequately in the UAE. Some followers state the religious prospective to expatriates to respect the culture of Islamic country in UAE. Some focused on the changing the traditions in the UAE asserting themselves not wearing the traditional dress code anymore. Some social media users against the restrictions and expatriate community. Recommendation: Adoption of the new laws makes facilitating the effective solution as per the diversified cultures in the country. Freedom of expression is an important aspect and freedom should also be given to the people not strictly enforced by the law. Conclusion: The dress code in the UAE has demonstrated the cultural values and beliefs in the UAE. The code of ethics in the context of the dress code ensures the tourist to adhere the local rules and regulations in respect of the regional values but the globalized scenario has been changing the traditional and conventional beliefs in Middle East in Dubai and Abu Dhabi. Though as per the analysis it can be concluded that the dress code implementation has strong influence against the increasing western culture and supports to the cultural values and traditions.

Handicraft business in the UK

Handicraft business in the UK INTRODUCTION The objective of this report is to study and prepare the business plan for a handicraft business in UK. This business plan deals with the feasibility analysis, idea generation, and industry analysis at both the local and global level to understand the market and business factors. The market analysis is also done, primarily through the secondary sources to capture the potential demand of handicrafts in the UK market and the trends which the customer are looking for in this industry. After analyzing the demand, the technical analysis was done for the business. For the success of any business, it is necessary that the idea or the basis of the plan should be strong. But it is also imperative that the plan should take into account a true picture of financials to have a strong foundation on which the business can be built upon. Therefore in the report, a detailed preparation of cash flow analysis, profitability analysis and the expected expenditure in the business has been taken care of. The report has taken into consideration the risk factor also which the business needs to consider before commencing on the work. Handicraft is a business which needs not only financial capital but also human capital and it is necessary that skilled labour is available in plenty. The attrition rate is low in this industry provided they are provided with adequate support and wages. In the report I have tried to touch upon that issue as well. Also the manner in which the products would be sold and promoted in the market would be taken care of. We would not be opening our own stores for now and would be selling on to other retailers. However the idea of opening the stores is not discarded as whole for now and would be seen as an option at a later stage in the life of the business. Heavy spending is planned to promote the products in the initial phase of the business and various media vehicles would be tried upon to promote the products well in the market. The business as of now focusing primarily on the UK market and later on in the later stage, the business can be expanded further. Handicraft Industry The handicraft industry is one of the most productive sectors in the economy. The reason being that this sector not only uses the raw materials but also give employment opportunities to a number of people. Thus not only financial capital and raw material is employed but also a lot of human capital is also used in this business (Garrison, 2008). According to United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) International Symposium on â€Å"Crafts and the International Market: Trade and customs codification†, Manila, Philippines, October 1997. Handicrafts can be defined as products which are produced either completely by hand or with the help of tools. Mechanical tools may be used as long as the direct manual contribution of the artisan remains the most substantial component of the finished product. Handicrafts are made from the raw materials and can be produced in unlimited numbers. Such products can be utilitarian, aesthetic, cultural, artistic and may have a social, religious and symbolic significance (Robertson, 2002). Industry Analysis UK has been a country with a rich and diverse culture. Lot of migrant population also resides in various parts of the country. It is because of this that handicraft industry has played an important role in this country. The industry provides economic advantage much because of the demand from various strata of the population (Mathias, 2001). Handicrafts have always attracted people much because of their cultural importance and it crosses barriers too. The customers in any market look for handicrafts from not only the local market but also from the other countries (Barlow, 1991). Therefore both the cultural and financial values are attached to this industry. This industry by its mass and production scale lies in the middle class as not much finance and manufacturing facilities are needed in this business. The industry is decentralized and is labour intensive. Not many players fight in this market and only small players operate in this area. The sector employs a lot of people and thus acts as a medium of employment for lot of people. The sector has seen an increase in growth much due to the fact that people have been more open to the culture of other countries and are accepting it more often. The era of globalization has helped in the revival of this industry not only in the UK market but also in other markets too (Andrews , 2009). Classification of Handicrafts Industry Handicraft products can be distinguished into the following: Metal ware Wood ware Hand printed textiles Embroidered and crocheted goods Shawls Carpets Embroidered goods Bamboo products Zari goods Earthenware and jute products Miscellaneous handicrafts SWOT Analysis of Handicraft Industry Strengths Market is diversified and has huge potential Presence of large product variety because of various cultures Low capital investment Flexibility in production of goods as per market demand Low barriers to the entry of new players Products sold are high value ones and have diversified usage Weakness Lack of coordination between government bodies and companies Inadequate information on the current market trends Lack of skilled labour Opportunities Development of domestic tourism sector which helps in boosting sales. Usage of internet and other technologies in boosting the market potential Rising demand because of people becoming more open to cultures Threats Lack of branding opportunities in this sector Threats from the developing countries like India and China in terms of resources Business Proposition We would be dealing in the limited set of handicraft industry as many products come under its purview. Our company would serve the needs of the customers in only the wooden handicrafts market. The reason for choosing this is that in UK market these products are used almost in every home. Products like decorative chairs, desks, beds, sofas which are made by hand are seen as high value products in the market as customers look for something different. Particularly for the UK customer, they need products which not only serve their functional purpose but also add something extra. It is with this that we plan to enter in this industry with this specific set of products. Wooden handicrafts refer to a wide range of wooden items carrying utilitarian and artistic value that are made by hand o with the use of simple tools. They are made by unmatched workmanship, have fine designs and have subtle elegance. The products require low capital investment to manufacture. The wooden handicraft sector provides a high ratio of value addition and has emerged as one of the major sources of foreign exchange in the country too. (Sumption, 2010) Market Analysis Majority of the current players in the market deal in almost all the product categories in the wooden handicraft industry. (Macleod, 2006) Retailing is not done by them and they deal in mostly the production part. They have retailing contracts with other partners which help them sell the products Monthly production units are majorly in the range of thousands of units for all the products combined Wooden and glass handicrafts are majorly in demand in the UK market. (John, 2006) Inventories are usually kept low as these products are sold and produced in lower units in the market. Almost all the players in the market hire the labor at a contractual basis rather than on a permanent basis. Many of the players take the route of exhibition to promote their products to the customers. (Mathias, 2001) These products are high margin products as they are mainly value based ones. Hence high margin and medium volume is generally the trend in the industry Competition The following players currently operate in the market and sell wooden handicrafts in the market. World Art and Crafts Ltd. Java Art Elements Ltd. Demand Analysis and Forecasting During our study we also analysed the demand pattern for the various products in the wooden handicraft market and it came to around 50000 units per month on approximation. There is a demand supply gap in the market as according to our supply the current players in the market are able to provide close to 30000 units only. Hence we consider a huge potential to be catch up in the market.(Boseley,2009) The market is growing closely at an annual rate of 15%. Hence it is decided that the capacity would be initially 60% for the first year and then it will grow accordingly. Marketing Channel As mentioned before, our business involves only manufacturing the products. Therefore we would use a network of retailers called partners to sell our products in the market. These would be mainly big retailers like WalMart, Tesco etc. Strategic Marketing Plan Wooden handicraft particularly the furniture part is an unbranded commodity and hence manufacturers generally do not have to spend too much on the promotional part. It is better for them to increase the margin given to the retailers so that they push the company product more in front of the customers. However in order to differentiate our offering and to capture the customer base, it is necessary to have a basic strategic marketing plan. The following would be the strategies used by us: Steady supply with timely delivery to fulfill the demand in the market thereby providing products with high quality Products would be given emphasis on the design front. Designs would be based on several themes Orders would also be taken online from the customers apart from being available in the retail The company plans to both manufactures the products locally in the UK market as well as import some of it from the Indian market. Indians play a vital role in UK both in terms of trade and demographics and thus there is a market to serve the Indian community. The other reasons to source the products from India are: The demand for Indian wooden handicrafts is evergreen. It is both difficult for the labour in UK to produce these handicrafts as the design in Indian art work is quite intricate. Hence it is decided that some portion of our products would be sourced directly from the Indian producers, mainly based in states like Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh. Indian being a developing country, both the labour and raw materials are quite cheap as compared to other developed countries. Hence it makes sense to outsource some of the production work. Indian artisans are well known around the world. British make a major portion of the people visiting India every year and hence they come in contact with Indian art and culture too. Thus getting products from market like India helps in understanding the customer taste and keep the product portfolio up to date. Some of the Indian players which have been shortlisted and considered for sourcing of the products are as follows: Khan Arts India Madnik International Goyal India Indus Trade Handmade Crafts Antiquity Handicrafts All the products in the portfolio would be sourced from these six major exporters in India. These players have been selected after thorough search of their business and their financials. They enjoy good reputation in the Indian market and also export to other players in different countries. It is decided to have business with six players as it will help us diversify our risk and help us maintain a steady flow of products from India. These players are from different parts of the country and thus the products served by them would have different designs as India being a vast country has many sub cultures which attract many people worldwide. Technical Analysis Wood carving is a time consuming process as craftsmen take time to make every piece. The process may take a week to months depending upon the level of intricacy in the design. The process use a lot of different tools also like saw, lathes, drills, chain saws etc. Machinery Involved The following machinery would be used by the workers in the business: Chemical treatment plant Seasoning plant Surface planner Grinder Driller Gaze machine Sanding machine Structure and Civil Work Labour Requirements Handicraft is a labour intensive product and thus a lot depends on the kind of labour employed. Financial Analysis Basic Assumptions underlying the financial projections The construction period will last one year The company would work 365 days a year The expected capacity utilization will be 60% in first year, 65% in second year and the increment based on past performance. The term loan would be re-paid in 14 equal half-yearly installments. The interest rate on the outstanding term loan would be 12% The bank finance for working capital will cost interest rate 12% The depreciation rates for company law purpose would be Building 3.34% Plant and Machinery 8% Misc fixed assets 5% The suppliers for raw material would provide credit for 15 days The salvage value is assumed to be 5% of fixed assets. Sales Forecast Sales Forecast (units) Year20102011 2012 Units95001200015000 Conclusion The business plan has been prepared keeping in mind all the factors and taking financials to the best of the present picture. It is therefore expected that the actual outcome would represent the true picture of this outlined plan. Finally, my personal interest in this field will lead to establish my own business. These will result in successful and sustainable business. References Andrews, J.(2009).Handel allinglese, Playbill,. Accessed from: http://www.playbillarts.com/features/article/4236.html (Last Accessed: 5th March 2010) Barlow, I.( (1991) Metropolitan Government. Accessed from: http:// www.new.wales.co.uk (Last Accessed: 5th March 2010) Boseley, S (2009). The question: Whats behind the baby boom? The Guardian. Accessed from: http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/2008/jul/14/familyandrelationships.women (Last Accessed: 5th March 2010) Garrison, Webb B. (2008).Why You Say It. Accessed from: http://www.readbooksonline.net (Last Accessed: 5th March 2010) MacLeod, Donald (2006). Britain second in world research rankings. The Guardian. Accessed from: http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/2006/mar/21/highereducation.uk4 (Last Accessed: 5th March 2010) Mathias.P (2001). The First Industrial Nation: the Economic History of Britain. Accessed from: http://www.johnbirchall-economist.com (Last Accessed: 5th March 2010) Mathias.P (2001).The First Industrial Nation: the Economic History of Britain. Published by: Routledge, ed.2, pp. 56-58 Mensah. J (2006). British culture on a high rise. Robertson, Kirsty (2006), How to Knit an Academic Paper. Queens University, 30 March 2006 Sumption, M.(2010). The UKs new Europeans: Progress and challenges five years after accession. Equality and Human Rights Commission. Accessed from: http://www.equalityhumanrights.com (Last Accessed: 5th March 2010) Bibliography Bhagat, Usha, ‘Life to a dying art, The Hindu: Folio, 21 March, 1999, pp. 45-56 Rajkumar, Nonika, ‘Life to a Dying Art of Embroidery: The Chmba Rumal, House Calls, Vol 2, No. 1, March-April 2000, pp 12-21. Philippson, Peter, British Gestalt Journal, Vol.1 No.1, July 1990 Chamberlain, A. H., Opportunities and limitations of paper and cardboard in school, Manual Training Magazine, January, 04, p 34 Cremins, J. C, ‘Design in the primary grades, Year Book, Council of Supervisors of the Manual Arts, 2006, pp 74-76. Daniels, J. F., ‘Library handicraft at Greeley, Manual Training Magazine, Jan., 2001. Dodd, A. E., ‘Handwork training for the normal student, Proceedings Eastern Manual Training Association, Ed. 2, pp 93-101 Bailey, H. T., ‘Analysis of modern printing, The Printing Art, May, June, 2007, pp -84-89.

Kay Sage From Another Approach :: Essays Papers

Kay Sage From Another Approach My room has two doors and one window. One door is red and the other is gray. I cannot open the red door; the grey door does not interest me. Having no choice, I shall lock them both and look out of the window. -Kay Sage The work of Kay Sage (1898-1963) is known to be some of the most abstract art produced during the Surrealism movement. (Chadwick, 1997) Although it does not appear at first glance to be anywhere near as abstract as other Modernist artists such as Sonia Delaunay or Liubov Popova, (Chadwick, 1997. Pg 263 & 267) it has a kind of dreamlike quality about it that transports the viewer to another world. Kay Sage’s From Another Approach (1944) is one of her early works from when she was starting to experiment in Surrealism. Unfortunately, my search did not turn up any criticisms on that particular piece, so I will use criticisms from other similar pieces from the same time period as From Another Approach, 1940 1954.(Suther, 1997. Pg 89-159) Modernist paintings are many times described as being universal because ‘they’re just a bunch of pretty shapes and colors and everyone likes pretty shapes and colors.’ What most people don’t realize is that Modernist art conveys a sense of otherworldly reality through the ‘pretty shapes and colors.’ At first glance, From Another Approach seems to fit in with the Modernism stereotype. Its simple geometric figures grouped almost stylishly on the right hand side (of the viewer) and clever variation of the olive tone give it the perfect ‘living room picture.’ That is, it could be hung on a living room wall not as art, but as a decoration to enhance the living area. This type of association diminishes what the artist was trying to convey. The following is an excerpt from Time magazine, March 13, 1950, on Sage’s painting The Instant. â€Å"I can’t tell you what it would mean to most people, but I do know what it means to me. It’s a sort of showing what’s inside - things half mechanical, half alive. The mountain itself can represent almost anything - a human being, life, the world, and fundamental thing.† Sage is giving the viewer what she thought of her piece. The piece which has a very strong style of geometric simplicity, melded together to create something disquieting about the scene. Its intent is to evoke emotion in the viewer, whatever emotion being viewer preference.

Essay on Hidden Conflict in Eudora Weltys A Worn Path :: Worn Path essays

Hidden Conflict in A Worn Path In Eudora Welty's "A Worn Path" the conflict was not apparent at the very beginning. What was a poor, elderly sick woman doing gallivanting in the forest during the dead of winter? The reason became clear towards the conclusion of the story as the action revealed that the conflict was obtaining the necessary medicine for her grandson. When this conflict became obvious, another question came to mind. What kind of society did this woman live in that she had to go all the way from her home in the countryside to the city by herself to get the medicine? The conflict being illustrated is that of an individual versus society and the four problems that Phoenix faces as a result of this was her old age, her health, her grandson's health and her state of poverty. "Her eyes were blue with age. Her skin had a pattern all its own of numberless branching wrinkles..." (paragraph 2).    This quotation was one of many indications of Phoenix Jackson's old age.   Normally, in society there are benefits for the elderly and thoseof the golden age. There are various organizations that help people who are over the age of sixty-five. They also provide various services towards them such as meals on wheels. Was there not someone who could have delivered the medicine to this woman of nearly 100 years of age? Perhaps Phoenix Jackson was too shy or had too much pride to ask for a service of that nature. The doctors from the medical building knew about the condition of Phoenix's grandson and did nothing to try and help. This showed the lack of respect that was present in the society. In today's society, someone of that age commands and deserves the proper respect.    "She carried a thin, small cane made from an umbrella, and with this she kept tapping the frozen earth in front of her," (paragraph 1).      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The next conflict that plagued her is that of her health. In the preceding quotation, there was one important note that   readers shouldtake into consideration. The fact that she kept persistently tapping the earth in front of her could only indicate one thing-that she was visually impaired. She may not have been completely blind, but she had to have been substantially impaired to have kept tapping her cane in a redundant manner.

Tom and lily contrasted :: essays research papers

The Final   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Everyone in a story is bound to be a dynamic character for it to become more interesting. Samuel, Lily, and Tom were all filling this role as dynamic characters in these two stories. This essay of the stories Searching for Summer and A Son from America will be analyzed. They will first be explained in how Tom and Lily went to a Ms. Hatchings house, and also will speak of why Samuel went to America. The essay will explain the reasons for coming back and what some of their worries were about. Then last in this essay there will be a part on the similarities of the endings.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the story Searching for Summer there was a man named Tom and a lady named Lily. They got married and then after that they went to look for a bit of sunshine. They got married and went a little trip to find that sunshine. They drove their scooter to look for this sunshine but on the way it broke down. It so happens that this scooter broke down in a little town of Molesworth. A man named Mr. Nokes greeted them who you could say came off them as a little different. He was nice enough though to offer a room to them until their scooter got fixed in his little pub that he owned. Tom and Lily instead found this purse that this lady had left there by an accident and went on to ask Mr. Nokes where bouts they would be able to find the owner. After Mr. Nokes told them where they could find Ms. Hatching’s house they were off to return the purse to this lady. When Tom and Lily finally came to Ms. Hatchings house where they gave the purse back to her and then Ms. Hatc hings Son who was blind offered Tom and Lily to stay with them. Tom and Lily agreed to stay with the Hatchings and when Tom and Lily woke up the next morning they were amazed to see the sun shining high and bright.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In A Son from America Samuel went to America at suck a young age because he wanted to make himself a better life then his parents and he also wanted a better life for his parents. He didn’t want to have to go out in the sun every day and work for long days and only have enough to make it by he wanted more.

Luck has nothing to do with success Essay

At universities and colleges, sports and social activities are just as important as classes and libraries and should receive equal financial support. With the progress of the times and society. It has become increasingly fast pace of life. We are anxious and hoped that people acquire knowledge by simply learning. Thus we ignoring its importance. In fact, this is wrong. I think it is just as important in college, sports and social activities as well as classes and libraries, and should receive the same financial support. Firstly, sports and social activities can teach us social skills and team spirit. In contemporary society, we need people who can able to unite others and have high emotional intelligence rather than those who can only read books. More and more businesses require people who are not only specialists in their fields, but also skilled in social interaction. What’s more social skills and team spirit are necessary qualities for any students. Obviously, when students participate in sports activities or social practices at the university, they can have a perfect social learning opportunity, such as, sports and charity events. Students can develop a experienced team spirit and collaboration capabilities. Aside from fostering social skills and team spirit, sports and social activities can greatly improve students’ learning ability.These activities can change students’ mood and attention. Indeed, for some students, playing sports and joining in social activities are good stress reducers. Even the most enthusiastic people feel tired if they concentrate on one thing for too long.Frustrated and tired people can do nothing well if they do not recover from their bad situations. Students who have been frustrated in their academic work would be well-advised to play some sports or join in social activities. However, I know that academic learning is the most important task of students in college.But I think it can not bring students communication and physical fitness never be a university recognized by most people school. Such schools are not conformed with the current wave of social development and age. In  fact, almost all famous universities have plenty of sports teams and social groups, and universities provide adequate financial support with these events. None of these universities have weakened their academic standards because of social movements or sports. In summary, I agree with that universities and colleges should spend enough money on academic education and amateur events to help students for their future development.

Tata Motors

TATA MOTORS I. INTRODUCTION Tata Group is an Indian multinational company headquartered MUMBAI, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA. Tata group business is spread across 7 sectors their main sector being steels. Their empire is spread across 6 continents and has its presence in 80 nations. The combined market capitalization of all the 31 listed Tata companies was $89. 88 billion as of March 2012. Tata group gets its major revenue from overseas market contributing 58%. Tata Motors Limited is an Indian multinational manufacturing company. It is a subsidiary of the Tata group.Its products include passenger cars, trucks, vans, coaches, buses and military vehicles. It is the worlds 18th largest motor vehicle manufacturing company, fourth-largest truck manufacturer and second-largest bus manufacturer by volume. In Forbes fortune 500 companies Tata motors occupies 314th position. With the launch of Tata sierra in the year in 1991 Tata motors entered the passenger car segment. Tata Motors acquired the South Korean truck manufacturer Daewoo Commercial Vehicles Company in 2004 and the British premium carmaker Jaguar Land Rover in 2008.Tata Motors has vehicle assembly operations in India, the United Kingdom, South Korea, Thailand, Spain and South Africa. It plans to establish plants in  Turkey, Indonesia and Eastern Europe. Tata Motors' principal subsidiaries include Jaguar Land Rover, Tata Daewoo and Tata Hispano. Tata Motors has consolidated revenue of 32. 5 billion USD in the financial year 2011-2012. Tata motors have an employee base of more than 55,000 employees. Tata motor is the first Indian company from the engineering sector to be listed in the New York stock exchange. II. SWOT ANALYSIS OF TATA MOTORS LIMITEDSTRENGTHS: 1) Strong domestic presence: Tata has a strong presence in Indian market and it is a key manufacturer of commercial vehicles. It is the leading producer in commercial vehicles in all segment and they are among the top 3 producers in passenger vehicles market. Tat a motor company is India’s largest company with the revenue of 1,233,133 crore in the year 2010-2011. 2) Tata motors not only have the strategy for expansion and acquisitions but also they have the intensive management development program in order to develop the leaders of tomorrow. ) Taste and preference of the consumers in local regions is always taken care of in Tata motors. 4) Tata motors have a long list of product portfolios. It has passenger cars, commercial vehicles, trucks and coaches WEAKNESS 1) Tata motors cars are considered for economy class people and not in luxury car segment. So the company lacks its place in luxury car segment. 2) Though Tata cars are present in worldwide it has created major customer base only in India and its nearby countries like Bangladesh, srilanka, Pakistan. 3) The consumer base is limited to certain areas and certain people. ) Tata cars are not following the safety standards. Their design and the body metal used leads to this types of public image. This is a major concern for Tata. Their major example is their Tata Nano. 5) Tata cars are not for the younger generation consumers. Tata cars design is not been attracted by the people of the younger generation of people. 6) Return on investment in Tata motors shares is very low. 7) Even though they have bought luxury car manufacturers Jaguar and Land rover Tata has not made its strong presence in luxury car segment. OPPORTUNITIES: ) Luxury carmaker jaguar and land rover has added a greater advantage to its product portfolio. 2) Tata has a major support from the Indian government. 3) High market demand for the passenger car segment with low price. 4) The world is geared up for the greener revolution and there is a huge market for alternate fuel vehicles. THREATS: 1) Tata cars safety standards can lay down the public trust on their varied portfolio of cars. 2) Other car companies are there for more than 40 years so Tata should learn the production and quality from othe r car manufacturing vehicles. ) The economic conditions of the world countries. The downfall of the economic conditions and the constant fluctuations in the currency rates 4) For a low cost producer sustainability and environmental causes would be a greater concern. 5) Rising cost in the global economy for the steel and raw materials for the production of car can increase the cost of production of car. Most of the cars manufactured by Tata run on Diesel and cost of the Diesel is also increasing around the world and also in home country. GROWTH STRATEGYTata motors growth strategy is to have a position, which is not easily taken up by other competitors in the domestic market, and to expand its market to other countries by 1) Leveraging in house capabilities 2) Through strategic acquisitions and mergers to have a added advantage of their capabilities. In the year 1984 Tata Motors launched Light Commercial Vehicle. In the Year 1996 SUV (sierra) was launched by Tata. In the year 1998 Tat a launched its First passenger car. In the year 2004 Tata acquired Daewoo a Korean company. In the year 2005 Tata Acquired in Hispano, SpainFormed an industrial JV with Fiat, JV in India with Marco polo of Brazil, JV in Thailand with Thonburi In the year 2007. Acquisition of JLR took place in the year 2008. ACQUISITIONS AND JOINT VENTURES: TATA MOTORS AND MORCOPOLO; Tata formed a 51:49 Joint venture With Brazil based Marcopolo for manufacturing of Buses. Targeting mass rapid transportation this joint venture between Tata and Marcopolo manufactures and assembles fully built buses technical know – how support from Tata and process and Body design from Marcopolo. TATA AND FIAT: Tata formed a 50:50 JV with Fiat.With that Joint venture fiat supplied their Engines to Tata cars and Tata motors took care of selling Fiat cars through their dealers. ACQUISITIONS: TATA – DAEWOO Tata motors acquired Daewoo commercial vehicle of South Korea in the year 2004. The reason behind the a cquisition of Daewoo was to reduce the too much exposure in the domestic market and to expand Internationally. The acquisition of Tata and Daewoo lead to the 2nd largest manufacturer of Trucks in South Korea. TATA- HISPANO: In 2005 Tata motors acquired 21% of stakes in Hispano which lead to an opportunity in fully built bus segment.Hispano is European bus manufacturer. In 2009 it acquired the remaining 79% of the stakes by making Hispano their fully owned subsidiary. JAGUAR LAND ROVER: IN the year 2008 when the ford motor company sold JLR to Tata motors it JLR became the wholly owned Subsidiary of Tata motors. Thus by acquiring JLR Tata motors made its foot print in the luxury car segment. It was also one of the greatest acquisitions. It increased the diversity of market segments and their product portfolio. It created a great opportunity for Tata to enter into to Luxury segment with the world’s iconic brand.MARKETING MIX OF TATA MOTORS: 1) PRODUCT: Tata has a wide variety of vehicles placed in different segments. It has vehicles for commercial purposes, Passenger vehicles and in defense sectors also. They have the product placement in all the segments. 2) PRICE: Tata motorcars are generally affordable. Tata motors are targeting the middle-income class of people. Their cars are generally affordable and their service cost is also affordable when compared to the other car manufactures in India. They also manufacture the world’s cheapest car (Tata Nano).They also target the High-income group of people with the acquisition of JLR. The vehicle should not be priced high from other competitors and it should not be priced too low. 3) PROMOTION: a) Personal Selling: Advertising and after sales service is the main promotion strategy of Tata Motors. The basic aspect of advertising is to how you tell the message and what is the medium to tell message. Personal selling is more of in Tata Motors. With the customers who are in the intention to make a sale Tata motors dealers do a personal talk with the customers. b) Trade Fairs and Exhibition:Trade fairs and Exhibitions can promote their new concepts and they can introduce their new vehicles. This type of fairs will get a worldwide attention and recognition for their new models. Auto expo will be a meeting for both the consumers and for the trade. This will increase the awareness among the consumers. c) Sponsorship: It is that Tata motors will be associated with some sports events or events. This will help the Brand to get recognition among the persons who is associated with those events. Tata motors are sponsoring a football game in Spain. d) Advertisements:To create more awareness among the consumers Television Advertisements is also used. Radio advertisements are done to create awareness among the rural consumers. For detailed information print media is also concentrated. DISTRIBUTION OF TATA MOTORS: DMS Technology is used for efficient coordination between the dealers who are spread w orldwide. Apart from distribution networks it has also distributed its manufacturing units in various countries apart from India. Tata motors have assembly units in Brazil, Bangladesh, Thailand, and South Africa. Supply Chain excellence is one of the major success factors for Tata motors.Tata motors distribution and logistics part of the business is outsourced to Tata motors Distribution Company limited (TDCL) that is the wholly owned subsidiary of Tata motors to keep their distribution costs minimum. Through this Tata motors is reducing at least 1% of their distribution and they can concentrate on their core business. TDCL delivers the right product in right time and in right place, which in turn offered flexibility for Tata Motors. Supplier relationship management program and dealer management system bound the suppliers and dealers. Time to time reviews of these programs ensures the program work effectively.Importance is given for supplier coverage and transaction within the organ ization. FINANACE STRATEGIES OF TATA MOTORS: Financial loss in the year 2001 was really a shock for the Tata Motors. It was caused by the reduce in demand for their Truck segment and heavy Investment for their entry into passenger car segment caused them heavy loss for Tata Motors. It caused a 110 million $ loss to the Tata motors. So in 2001 Tata motors decided a 3-phase recovery process each phase is for 2 years totally the process is for 6 years. PHASE 1: To stop the bleedingPHASE 2: To consolidate the position in the Indian market. PHASE 3: To operate Internationally. For phase 1 the key objective was to reduce the Break-even point and to move into market pricing which was the technique of cost reduction. Benchmarking its rivals is also a cost reduction technique. E- sourcing is new to India when Tata went into it. But today Tata is the largest company using e- sourcing and it is leading in the automobile industry. E- sourcing is a faster way to conducting Tenders in online. E- sourcing reduced the Break- even point to one third from two third of their utilization of capacity.The company would be even more profitable when the size is reduced to even 60%. This ensured the bleeding of the company is stopped. For phase 2 to make the product more competitive in the market they improvised in the quality of the product and new product was introduced in the market they would be required by the market for another three to five years. By tightening the credit norms and by improving the liquidity and by new sales planning process and by increasing the profitability of dealers they can strengthen their market place.For phase 3 Tata motors started to identify the international market where there is more potential and where they can earn more respectable market share. â€Å"Tata motors sales (Including Exports) Commercial and passenger vehicles = 71,826 as of august 2012 From the year 2011 to 2012 it has increased by 12% Domestic market Commercial and passenger market = 67,453 as of August 2012 59,874 as of august 2011 It has increased by 4% â€Å" http://www. tatamotors. com/media/press-releases. php? id=783 â€Å"

Effectiveness of Legal Sanctions

Effectiveness of sanctions in our society today In today’s society we impose sanctions on individuals who break laws of the community. There are many types of sanctions such as; fines, intensive correction, community based, youth training and drug treatment orders, home detention, suspended sentences and imprisonment. Imposing sanctions among offenders is highly successful in our society today as they may deter the individual/ general community from committing/re-committing a crime, to protect the society, to punish the offender, in many cases to rehabilitate the offender and to show that the crime is unacceptable. Imprisonment is a criminal sanction which removes the offender from society by detainment in a prison. Imprisonment is effective in terms of punishment and protection of the society. Imprisonment can also be seen as a deterrence which discourages the individual/general community from re-offending / committing a crime. Many prisoners once released from prison stay on the right path and never go back to prison. This is what one hopes for when imposing the imprisonment sanction. However some prisoners, once released cannot live normal lives. In prisons there is a high amount of violence and sexual assaults, so when people are released the fear going back, therefore they cannot live normal lives. Furthermore prisoners are grouped with other prisoners and they may learn new tricks of the trade. Also it can be argued that deterrence failing in prisons. There is a high rate of individuals re-offending when released from prison. An astonishing 33% of prisoners return to prison within two years of their release. Yet even with on of the major aims of imprisonment failing, deterrence, I still believe that imprisonment is an effective sanction is it is protecting our society because the prisoner is out of the way, therefore the society is safe. An intensive correction order is another type of sanction in our society. It is a sanction involving the treatment and supervision component and a custodial component. There are numerous conditions regarding an intensive correction order. The offender cannot commit another offence while on order; there is supervision twice a week, attendance at a correction centre for 12 hours a week, community work for 8 hours a weekend and counseling. If the individual breaks any of these conditions they can be imprisoned for the remainder of the order. The main aims of an intensive correction order are deterrence and rehabilitation. It discourages the individual from re-offending but also helps the individual change and resume a normal life. The intensive corrections order is highly effective on our society as it not only punishes the individual but gives them every opportunity to get their life back on track. Attendance at a correction centre, supervision and counseling will help the individual get his/her life back on track and as a result the society becomes safer. In conclusion, there are many types of sanctions, each with their own set of potential aims to help the society and the individual. Two sanctions are imprisonment and an intensive correction order. Both are effective to our society in different ways. Imprisonment involves protecting the society and punishment while an intensive correction order involves rehabilitation and deterrence. Even though imprisonment fails in acting as a deterrent I believe sanctions are effective in our society today.